Arch of cricoid cartilage anatomical variation: morphological and radiological aspects.

The cricoid cartilage serves as an anatomical reference for several surgical procedures for access to the airway. Additionally, it serves as an attachment point for muscles that move the vocal folds. We present a case where the cricoid cartilage arch is divided into distinct superior and inferior arches, with a fibrous membrane between them. We did not find any similar description to this case in the literature, which makes it unique to date. This type of variation is important knowledge for clinicians and surgeons during airway management in the anterior neck region. The presence of this variation could induce an error during a palpation of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, realized in clinical examination and surgical or emergency procedures.

Estrogen receptors in immunohistochemically stained slides: comparing subjective and computerized evaluation methods / Receptores de estrógeno en cortes teñidos inmunohistoquímicamente: comparación de métodos de evaluación subjetivos y computarizados

Immunohistochemistry is a specific and sensitive staining method for detection of several proteins. One important function of this method is to help us on the diagnosis of the presence of specific receptors as the estrogen receptors. The aim of this study was to compare two different methods to evaluate immunohistochemical staining intensity to detect the presence of ER in the nasal mucosa tissue: one using a digital system and the other through conventional direct microscopy observation. Sixty two stained samples were observed and analyzed under optic microscopy by three specialized professionals, who have graded intensity from: absent, mild, moderate and intense staining. Afterwards, an objective measurement was obtained by a relative optical density (ROD) reading, through the MCID 7.0 system of densitometric digital analysis (Inter Focus Imaging LTDA, Linton, England). Subjective and objective classifications were compared under statistical analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Correlation Test, p<0.05). We found a positive correlation between the subjective findings of observers and digital analysis in all the categories of beta receptor. For the alpha receptor, there was a correlation only in extreme categories. The subjective evaluations by observers and digital method by measuring the relative optical density show statistically significant correlations in quantifying the estrogen receptors by immunohistochemistry staining. This indicates that both methods show accuracy for the proposed study.

La inmunohistoquímica es un método de tinción específico para la detección de varias proteínas. Este método es importante en el diagnóstico de la presencia de receptores específicos, tales como los receptores de estrógeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar dos métodos diferentes para evaluar la intensidad de la tinción inmunohistoquímica para detectar la presencia de RE en el tejido de la mucosa nasal: el primero utilizando un sistema digital y el segundo a través de la observación directa de microscopía convencional. Tres profesionales especializados observaron sesenta y dos muestras teñidas las que fueron analizadas con microscopio óptico con la siguiente intensidad de tinción: ausente, leve, moderada e intensa. Posteriormente, se obtuvo una medición objetiva a través de lectura de densidad óptica relativa (DOR) del sistema MCID 7.0 de análisis de densitometría digital (Inter Enfoque de imágenes LTDA, Linton, Inglaterra). Clasificaciones subjetivas y objetivas fueron comparadas bajo análisis estadístico (Kolmogorov-Smirnov y prueba de correlación de Spearman, p<0,05). Encontramos una correlación positiva entre los resultados subjetivos de los observadores y el análisis digital en todas las categorías de los receptores beta. Para el receptor alfa, hubo una correlación solamente en categorías extremas. Las evaluaciones subjetivas de los observadores y método digital midiendo la densidad óptica relativa muestran correlaciones estadísticamente significativas en la cuantificación de los receptores de estrógeno por tinción inmunohistoquímica. Por tanto ambos métodos demostraron ser correctos para el estudio propuesto.

pH salivary analysis of subjects suffering from Sjögren's syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux.

UNLABELLED: Saliva is one of the components for the digestive homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) present a drop in salivary pH. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are a potential clinical research model for xerostomia and its laryngeal and pharyngeal consequences. The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of saliva of patients with SS and LPR. METHODS: 19 patients with SS plus LPR, and 12 healthy controls had their saliva studied prospectively for volume and pH. Two salivary samples were obtained from each participant: whole unstimulated saliva(WUS) and whole stimulated saliva(WSS) while chewing parafilm M®. All the participants were females. RESULTS: Mean age was 60 years (study group) and 44 years (control). LPR was diagnosed on all 19 subjects. The mean pH of WUS was 7.53 (SS) and 7.57 (controls), raising to 7.87 and 7.83 respectively after stimulation. The mean salivary volume of patients with SS was 1.27 mL (WUS) and 3.78 mL (WSS), whereas controls had a significantly higher salivary volume both before and after stimuli. CONCLUSION: A very high prevalence of LPR was found in patients with SS, which is probably caused by a uniform drop in salivary volume and all its contents, rather than a specific deficiency in its components, as shown previously in patients without SS.

Análise do pH salivar de indivíduos com Síndrome de Sjögren e refluxo laringofaríngeo / pH salivary analysis of subjects suffering from Sjögren's Syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux

A saliva é fundamental para a homeostase digestiva. Alterações no seu volume e composição são correlacionadas com o refluxo laringofaríngeo (RLF). Estudos recentes demonstraram que pacientes com RLF apresentam acidificação do pH salivar. A síndrome de Sjögren (SS) foi eleita como modelo de hiposalivação, com objetivo de analisar as repercussões da diminuição salivar na laringe e faringe. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Estudo clínico transversal de 19 sujeitos com SS e RLF comparados com 12 indivíduos saudáveis. Obtidas amostras de saliva total não estimulada (STNE) e saliva total estimulada por mastigação de parafilm M® (STE). RESULTADOS: Todos os indivíduos eram mulheres, média de idade de 60 anos (estudo) e 44 anos. A prevalência de RLF foi 100 por cento. O pH médio na STNE foi 7,53 (grupo estudo) e 7,57(controle), aumentando para 7,87 e 7,93, respectivamente, após estimulação mecânica. Não houve diferença significante de pH entre os grupos. O volume salivar médio dos pacientes com SS foi 1,27mL (STNE) e 3,78mL (STE), sendo o volume salivar do grupo controle significativamente maior (4,02mL na STNE e 11,96mL na STE). CONCLUSÕES: Todos os indivíduos estudados apresentaram RLF, fato provavelmente relacionado à queda uniforme observada no volume salivar e de todos seus componentes, não sendo observadas mudanças no pH salivar no grupo estudado. Isso sugere fisiopatogenias diferentes do RLF para indivíduos com SS.

Saliva is one of the components for the digestive homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) present a drop in salivary pH. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are a potential clinical research model for xerostomia and its laryngeal and pharyngeal consequences. The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of saliva of patients with SS and LPR. METHODS: 19 patients with SS plus LPR, and 12 healthy controls had their saliva studied prospectively for volume and pH. Two salivary samples were obtained from each participant: whole unstimulated saliva(WUS) and whole stimulated saliva(WSS) while chewing parafilm M®. All the participants were females. RESULTS: Mean age was 60 years (study group) and 44 years (control). LPR was diagnosed on all 19 subjects. The mean pH of WUS was 7.53 (SS) and 7.57 (controls), raising to 7.87 and 7.83 respectively after stimulation. The mean salivary volume of patients with SS was 1.27 mL (WUS) and 3.78 mL (WSS), whereas controls had a significantly higher salivary volume both before and after stimuli. CONCLUSION: A very high prevalence of LPR was found in patients with SS, which is probably caused by a uniform drop in salivary volume and all its contents, rather than a specific deficiency in its components, as shown previously in patients without SS.

Evaluation of estrogenic receptors in the nasal mucosa of women taking oral contraceptives.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that the nasal mucosa is affected by estrogen influence. Some authors have already detected estrogen receptors (ER) in the nasal mucosa. However, there doesn't seem to be a consensus about the concentration and distribution of the ER or the possible influence of hormonal contraceptives in the nasal mucosa. OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of oral contraceptives on the distribution and concentration of estrogenic receptors in nasal mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Two groups of 32 women with regular menstrual cycles were selected. One group of women was taking oral contraceptives and the other was not. Samples of mucosa of inferior nasal turbinate were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for alpha and beta ER. RESULTS: The use of oral contraceptives induced a decrease of beta-receptors only in lamina propria cells. In both groups, there was a predominance of beta-receptors. CONCLUSION: Women who took oral contraceptives showed a decrease of beta-receptors in some cells of the lamina propria. These findings show us the possibility of effects of contraceptive pills on the cells such as fibroblasts, mast cells, plasmocytes, and other inflammatory cells.

Inmunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in normal inferior turbinate mucosa / Evaluación inmunohistoquímica de los receptores de estrógenos alfa y beta en la mucosa normal de concha nasal inferior

It has been postulated that the nasal mucosa, like other human tissues, is affected by a complex interactive network of neuropeptides, cytokines, allergic and inflammatory mediators and hormones such as estrogen, in which associations between symptoms (e.g. nasal stuffiness and coryza) and hormonal variations deriving from pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptives and menstrual cycle phases are observed. The objective is evaluating the presence of specific estrogen receptors (types alpha and beta) in inferior turbinate mucosa in healthy subjects without nasal symptoms. Samples of nasal inferior turbinate were removed from patients undergoing aesthetic nasal surgery, and analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by immunohistochemical preparations on paraffin-embedded sections from the material sample, to detect estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Positive immunohistochemical reactions for both beta and alpha receptors were found in various regions of the inferior nasal turbinate. In conclusion both alpha and beta receptors were found, though the expression of beta was greater and more intense in the anterior portion of the inferior turbinate. No difference was found between male and female patients regarding the intensity of expression of receptors in the inferior turbinate.

Se ha postulado que la mucosa nasal, al igual que otros tejidos humanos, se ve afectada por una compleja red interactiva de neuropéptidos, citoquinas, mediadores alérgicos e inflamatorios, y hormonas como el estrógeno, en el que las asociaciones entre los síntomas (por ejemplo, congestión nasal y catarro) y hormonales las variaciones derivadas del embarazo, se observó el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y las fases del ciclo menstrual. El objetivo es evaluar la presencia de receptores de estrógenos específicos (tipos de alfa y beta) en la mucosa de la concha nasal inferior en sujetos sanos sin síntomas nasales. Las muestras de la concha nasal inferior fueron retirados de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía nasal estética y analizados mediante hematoxilina-eosina, seguidos de cortes de preparados de inmunohistoquímica incluídos en parafina de la muestra de material, para detectar los receptores de estrógenos alfa y beta. Las reacciones de inmunohistoquímica fueron positiva para ambos receptores alfa y beta, éstas se encuentran en diversas regiones del cornete nasal inferior. En conclusión, tanto los receptores alfa y beta se encuentran, aunque la expresión de la beta fue mayor y más intensa en la porción anterior de la concha nasal inferior. No se encontraron diferencias entre pacientes hombres y mujeres en relación con la intensidad de la expresión de los receptores en el concha nasal inferior.

Histological analysis of the distribution pattern of glandular tissue in normal inferior nasal turbinates.

UNLABELLED: Nasal turbinates play an important role in nasal physiology. These functions include the important function of particle filtration by the mucocilliary system. Many nasal mucosal diseases, such as rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, are directly related with structural alterations of the mucosal lining of the turbinates. AIM: To study the distribution pattern of the glandular epithelium of the lamina propria in the normal lower nasal turbinate mucosa of the anterior, medium and posterior portions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study in which small linear fragment of the lower nasal turbinate was removed from ten patients undergoing aesthetic nose surgery. The slides were hematoxilin-eosin stained, examined histologically and photographed. Glandular epithelium was delimited individually, the total area of the lamina propria on the anterior, medium and posterior portions of nasal turbinates was calculated (microm2). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution pattern of the glandular epithelium of the lamina propria. CONCLUSION: This study showed no predominance of glandular epithelium distribution in anterior and posterior portions of lower nasal turbinates in normal subjects.

Histological analysis of the distribution pattern of glandular tissue in normal inferior nasal turbinates / Análise histológica do padrão de distribuição glandular em conchas nasais inferiores normais

Nasal turbinates play an important role in nasal physiology. These functions include the important function of particle filtration by the mucocilliary system. Many nasal mucosal diseases, such as rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, are directly related with structural alterations of the mucosal lining of the turbinates. AIM: To study the distribution pattern of the glandular epithelium of the lamina propria in the normal lower nasal turbinate mucosa of the anterior, medium and posterior portions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study in which small linear fragment of the lower nasal turbinate was removed from ten patients undergoing aesthetic nose surgery. The slides were hematoxilin-eosin stained, examined histologically and photographed. Glandular epithelium was delimited individually, the total area of the lamina propria on the anterior, medium and posterior portions of nasal turbinates was calculated (µm2). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution pattern of the glandular epithelium of the lamina propria. CONCLUSION: This study showed no predominance of glandular epithelium distribution in anterior and posterior portions of lower nasal turbinates in normal subjects.

As conchas nasais inferiores desempenham um importante papel na fisiologia nasal. Dentre as diversas funções, destaca-se a filtração de partículas estranhas pelo sistema mucociliar. Muitas doenças relacionadas à mucosa nasal, como rinites e rinossinusites, têm relação direta com alterações estruturais na mucosa de revestimento das conchas nasais. OBJETIVO: Verificar o padrão de distribuição do epitélio glandular da lâmina própria na mucosa de conchas nasais inferiores normais, nas suas regiões da cabeça, corpo e cauda. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo com dez pacientes submetidos a procedimento nasal estético, dos quais retirou-se pequeno fragmento linear de concha nasal inferior. Os cortes foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e submetidos a exame histológico. Foram delimitadas individualmente as áreas de epitélio glandular e a área total de lâmina própria da mucosa da cabeça, do corpo e da cauda das conchas nasais, que foram medidas em µm2. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no padrão de distribuição do epitélio glandular da lâmina própria. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostra que não existe predomínio em uma região específica, na distribuição do epitélio glandular, nas diferentes áreas das conchas nasais inferiores no sentido ântero-posterior em pacientes normais.

Cardia: al fin de cuentas ¿qué es? / Cardia: at the end of the day, what is it?

There is no consensus about the precise definition of what the cardia is. Although this term is often utilized in the medical literature, it takes on a variety of meanings, depending on the context. For histologists and endoscopists, the cardia is a region of the stomach immediately below the gastroesophageal junction. However, the concepts of gastroesophageal junction used by histologists and endoscopists are not the same as used by anatomists. This junction is histologically defined as the abrupt transition from the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus to simple columnar epithelium and corresponds to the endoscopically defined Z-line. Nevertheless, this epithelial change does not occur exactly in the anatomical transition between the esophagus and stomach, but is situated in the esophagus, 1 or 2 cm above the anatomical transition. Surgeons usually use the term cardia as synonymous with lower esophageal sphincter. From a strictly oncological point of view, the cardia is the region that includes the most distal 5 cm of the esophagus and the most proximal 5 cm of the stomach. Thus, it is easy to see that there is no uniform concept of the cardia. The term cardia needs to be revised as a matter of urgency.

No existe concenso sobre una definición precisa de lo que es el cardia. Aunque este término es a menudo utilizado en la literatura médica ha tomado una variedad de significados dependiendo del contexto. Para histólogos y endoscopistas, el cardia es una región del estómago inmediatamente bajo la unión gastroesofágica. Sin embargo, los conceptos de unión gastroesofágica usado por éstos es diferente al de los anatomistas. Esta unión es histológicamente definida como la abrupta transición del epitelio escamoso estratificado no queratinizada del esófago, a un epitelio columnar simple y corresponde a lo que endoscópicamente se define como línea Z. Sin embargo, este cambio epitelial no ocurre exactamente en la transición anatómica entre el esófago y el estómago, pero está situado en el esófago, 1 a 2 cm por encima de la transición anatómica. Generalmente, los cirujanos usan el término cardia como sinónimo de esfínter esofágico inferior. Desde un estricto punto de vista oncológico, el cardia es la región que incluye los más distales 5 cm del esófago y los más proximales 5 cm del estómago. Así, es fácil afirmar que no hay un concepto uniforme del cardia. El término necesita ser urgentemente revisado.

Minor salivary glands morphology in xerostomia patients / Morfología de las Glándulas Salivales Menores en Pacientes Xerostomizados

Las glándulas salivales menores son encontradas distribuidas a través de la mucosa oral, especialmente en los labios y en la mucosa del paladar blando. Varios factores pueden causar xerostomía, donde las características histológicas de las glándulas salivales son también consideradas como factores para definir la etiología. Así, las biopsias de las glándulas salivales menores representan una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar los criterios diagnósticos requeridos en la clasificación de pacientes con síndrome de Sjõgren, ya que no representa riesgo para los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las características histológicas de las glándulas mencionadas, obtenidas de biopsias de pacientes con xerostomía y clasificar los aspectos histológicos de las glándulas en el síndrome de Sjõgren. Estudiamos 40 láminas de pacientes con xerostomía, cuyas glándulas salivales menores fueron sometidas a biopsia en el Servicio de Estomatología de la Santa Casa de São Paulo, Brasil. Se observaron las variaciones de su aspecto histológico, desde la normalidad hasta la presencia de focos inflamatorios, los cambios del tejido conjuntivo entre los acinos y conductos, como también el parénquima. En 15 casos, el infltrado de células inflamatorias invadió el foco, es decir, grupos de al menos 50 células inflamatorias alrededor de acinos o conductos, lo cual es un aspecto característico del síndrome de Sjõgren. Por lo tanto, el hallazgo de al menos un foco inflamatorio de 4 mm2 de tejido glandular, representa un buen criterio, aunque no es uno de los criterios a considerar cuando se trata de clasificar a los pacientes con el Síndrome de Sjõgren.

The minor salivary glands are found scattered throughout the oral mucosa, especially in the lips and soft palate mucosa. Several factors can cause xerostomia, whereas the salivary glands histological characteristics are also considered as factors for defining the etiology. Thus, the minor salivary glands biopsy represents an essential tool for attending the required diagnosis criterion in the classification of Sjögren's Syndrome patients, since it does not present risk for the patient. The objective of this study is to determine the histological description of the minor salivary glands obtained from the biopsies of xerostomia patients and to classify the minor salivary gland histological aspect as the Sjögren's Syndrome. Forty laminas of xerostomia patients that were submitted to minor salivary glands biopsy at the Santa Casa de Sao Paulo Stomatology ambulatory were retrospectively studied. The variation in the glands histological aspect was observed, from the normality up to the presence of inflammatory focus, replacing the conjunctive between acini and ducts, as well as the parenchyma. In 15 cases, the infiltrated inflammatory cells amounted to focus, that is to say, groups of at least 50 inflammatory cells around the acini or ducts, which is a characteristic aspect of the Sjögren's Syndrome. Therefore, the finding of at least one inflammatory focus of 4 mm2 of glandular tissue represents a set criterion, although, not the only one in order to classify this patient as having the Sjögren's Syndrome.

Evaluation of the concordance of sialometry and salivary glands scintigraphy in dry mouth patients.

INTRODUCTION: Many diagnostic tests are used to evaluate dry mouth patients, especially the ones with Sjögren's Syndrome, to whom these tests are part of classification criteria for scientific studies. AIM: Thus, the concordance between results of sialometry and salivary glands scintigraphy was evaluated; if positive, it would enable the choice of one or the other for diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Seventy-two dry mouth patients were divided into non-Sjögren's Syndrome group, primary Sjögren's Syndrome group and secondary Sjögren's Syndrome group. The concordance among sialometry and scintigraphy results was evaluated by Kappa test. RESULTS: It was observed that their concordance was equal or near to zero. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to make a choice between these tests and both should be performed.

Avaliação da concordância da sialometria e cintilografia de glândulas salivares em pacientes com boca seca / Evaluation of the concordance of sialometry and salivary glands scintigraphy in dry mouth patients

INTRODUÇÃO: São utilizados vários exames para avaliar os pacientes com queixa de boca seca e, especialmente, os pacientes com Síndrome de Sjõgren, em que estes exames fazem parte de critérios de classificação para estudos científicos. OBJETIVO: Desta maneira, procurou-se avaliar se haveria concordância entre os resultados da sialometria e da cintilografia de glândulas salivares para, se esta concordância estiver presente, optar por apenas um dos dois exames. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 72 pacientes com boca seca, divididos em grupos não-Síndrome de Sjõgren, com Síndrome de Sjõgren primária e com Síndrome de Sjõgren secundária. Os resultados de sialometria e cintilografia de glândulas salivares foram estudados, procurando-se dimensionar a concordância existente entre eles, através do teste de Kappa. RESULTADOS: Observou-se concordância igual ou próxima de zero entre os dois testes. CONCLUSÃO: Pelos resultados observados, não é possível fazer a opção por um ou outro exame, devendo ambos serem realizados.

INTRODUCTION: Many diagnostic tests are used to evaluate dry mouth patients, especially the ones with SjõgrenÆs Syndrome, to whom these tests are part of classification criteria for scientific studies. AIM: Thus, the concordance between results of sialometry and salivary glands scintigraphy was evaluated; if positive, it would enable the choice of one or the other for diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Seventy-two dry mouth patients were divided into non-SjõgrenÆs Syndrome group, primary SjõgrenÆs Syndrome group and secondary SjõgrenÆs Syndrome group. The concordance among sialometry and scintigraphy results was evaluated by Kappa test. RESULTS: It was observed that their concordance was equal or near to zero. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to make a choice between these tests and both should be performed.

Avaliação da sialometria e biópsia de glândula salivar menor na classificação de pacientes com Síndrome de Sjõgren

A Síndrome de Sjõgren é afecção auto-imune das glândulas exócrinas, que envolve particularmente as glândulas salivares e lacrimais. Não existe exame de certeza para diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da importância do papel da biópsia de glândula salivar menor e da sialometria, isoladamente ou associadas, como métodos utilizados para a classificação da Síndrome de Sjõgren. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte transversal. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODO: Todos os 72 pacientes com queixa de boca seca, de janeiro de 1997 a setembro de 2003, foram submetidos à investigação diagnóstica e classificação com base nos critérios estabelecidos. A sialometria não-estimulada foi realizada com a técnica do swab. Os exames histopatológicos foram avaliados quanto à presença de focos inflamatórios. RESULTADOS: A sialometria não-estimulada e a biópsia de glândula salivar menor apresentaram sensibilidades diferentes para Síndrome de Sjõgren primária e Síndrome de Sjõgren secundária. A sialadenite focal com maior número de focos foi característica da Síndrome de Sjõgren primária. Compararam-se biópsia e sialometria e observou-se que a especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo da biópsia foram maiores. Entre biópsia e biópsia associada à sialometria, a biópsia teve maior sensibilidade e maior valor preditivo negativo. A especificidade da biópsia associada à sialometria foi maior. Entre sialometria e biópsia associada à sialometria, a biópsia associada à sialometria apresentou maior valor preditivo positivo e maior especificidade. A sensibilidade da sialometria foi maior. CONCLUSÕES: Os testes sialometria e biópsia apresentaram desempenhos diferentes nos pacientes com Síndrome de Sjõgren primária e secundária; a positividade dos dois critérios em conjunto aumenta muito a especificidade para Síndrome de Sjõgren (95 por cento).

Ossificaçäo ectópica de pavilhäo auricular: relato de caso com formaçäo de massa tumoral / Ectopic ossification of the auricular cartilage: case report with tumor formation

Os autores relatam o caso raro de um paciente com ossificaçäo ectópica de cartilagem da orelha, com formaçäo de grande massa tumoral que alterava totalmente a morfologia do pavilhäo auricular. Foi submetido a exérese cirúrgica da massa tumoral e o estudo anatomo-patológico revelou proliferaçäo de tecido ósseo, de modo a formar nódulo em meio a cartilagem hialina e fibrose